Distinguishable differences which I found between countries:
1. Developed countries have much lower rates of children out of school and much higher rates of children using phones and internet. than developing countries.
2. In developed countries, almost 100% children can attend school, and there is no much difference between male and female in enrollment and attendance ratio of both primary school and secondary school.
3. In developed countries, the enrollment and attendance ratios of children in primary school are almost the same as that in secondary school.
4. In most developing countries, the rate of female who out of school is much higher than male.
5. In most developing countries, the enrollment and attendance ratios of children in secondary school are much lower that in primary school.
6. In some really poor countries, Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate and the percentage of primary school entrants reaching Grade5 are still very low.
Factors which could explain these differences:
1. Policies and resources: The policies and resources of the country will often determine whether schooling for young people is obligatory, available or accessible.
2. Poverty: When education is available, many young people cannot attend school could be for economic reasons. They are too poor to have education and even have to work as soon as possible.
3. Sociocultural barriers: For example, too early marriage.
4. Gender inequity: women in developing countries usually receive less education than men. Women and girls who are at the bottom of the social, economic and political ladder in these societies, get much lesser opportunities to have education.
Hi Minnowyu,
回复删除You write in a short summary the main points of the differences of education between countries. I would like to know why women in developing countries receive less education than men. What are the causes for the women and girls who are at the bottom of the social, economical and political ladder? Is this only cultural determined, or has the government to do with this? It is also interesting to know what the impact is of this inequality for these women and girls. Affect this also their state of health? I would like to know your point of view about this!
Greetings,
Danielle
I think gender inequality generated by social institutions such as cultural traditions, Sexism and discrimination, informal family laws, and social norms.
回复删除You also mentioned government, I think there is also some relationship with that.
The human rights of women throughout the Middle East and North Africa are systematically denied by each of the countries in the region, despite the diversity of their political systems. Many governments routinely suppress civil society by restricting freedom of the press, expression, and assembly. These restrictions adversely affect women; however, women are subject to a host of additional gender-specific human rights violations. For example, family, penal, and citizenship laws throughout the region relegate women to a subordinate status compared to their male counterparts. This legal discrimination undermines women’s full personhood and equal participation in society and puts women at an increased risk for violence.
The impact:
Health (which you have mentioned): Gender gaps are persistent in health status, in access to health services, and in health outcomes. It includes maternal mortality, sex-selective abortion, female infanticide and discriminatory feeding, Malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, anemia.
Poverty: Gender inequality is a structural impediment to poverty elimination. It is in everyone’s interests to remove it. Both women and men must play full roles and play on equal terms as actors in the development process and the fight against poverty. Poverty is multidimensional, and hence limiting measures to income short falls and poverty lines, masks the true extent of poverty, particularly for women and children.
Access to resources: 1) Employment: including Labor Force Participation and Gender differentials in earnings, which impact productivity, income and savings; 2) Water and sanitation: Women bear a disproportionate burden of any water scarcity, as the main water collectors and primary carriers. Rural women are particularly affected by water scarcity; 3) Land ownership and access: Women's rights to land are often restricted by local customs and laws.)
Education: affecting women’s capacity to make effective choices about employment, family planning and investments in children. Actually, education enhances lives. It ends generational cycles of poverty and disease and provides a foundation for sustainable development. A quality basic education better equips girls and boys with the knowledge and skills necessary to adopt healthy lifestyles, protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and take an active role in social, economic and political decision-making as they transition to adolescence and adulthood. Educated adults are more likely to have fewer children, to be informed about appropriate child-rearing practices and to ensure that their children start school on time and are ready to learn.
Kindly,
minnowyu